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28 January 2014, Volume 21 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Development of Hybrid Rice to Ensure Food Security YUAN Long-ping 2014, 21(1): 1-2.  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60167-5 Abstract ( )   PDF (624KB) ( )

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Prediction and Expression Analysis of miRNAs Associated with Heat Stress in Oryza sativa B SAILAJA, SR VOLETI, D SUBRAHMANYAM, N SARLA, VISHNU PRASANTH V, VP BHADANA，Satendra K. MANGRAUTHIA 2014, 21(1): 3-12.  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60164-X Abstract ( )   PDF (44521KB) ( )   Computational prediction of potential microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes was performed to identify the miRNAs and genes associated with temperature response in rice. The data of temperature-responsive miRNAs of Arabidopsis, and miRNAs and the whole genome data of rice were used to predict potential miRNAs in Oryza sativa involved in temperature response. A total of 55 miRNAs were common in both the species, and 27 miRNAs were predicted at the first time in rice. Target genes were searched for these 27 miRNAs in rice genome following stringent criteria. Real time PCR based on expression analysis of nine miRNAs showed that majority of the miRNAs were down regulated under heat stress for rice cultivar Nagina 22. Furthermore, miR169, miR1884 and miR160 showed differential expression in root and shoot tissues of rice. Identification and expression studies of miRNAs during heat stress will advance the understanding of gene regulation under stress in rice.

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Development of New InDel Marker to Detect Genotypes of Rf-1a Conferring Fertility Restoration of BT-Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rice CHEN Tao, ZHANG Ya-dong, ZHU Zhen, ZHAO Ling, ZHAO Qing-yong, ZHOU Li-hui, YAO Shu, YU Xin, WANG Cai-lin 2014, 21(1): 13-19.  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60160-2 Abstract ( )   PDF (2343KB) ( )   Restorer line breeding is an important approach to enhance the heterosis and improve the yields of japonica hybrid rice. To improve the selection efficiency of restorer lines for BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in japonica rice, a functional marker InDel-Rf-1a based on the difference of nucleotide sequence in Rf-1a locus between BT-type CMS lines and restorer lines was developed to detect the genotypes of different rice materials. Conventional indica rice varieties, restorer and maintainer lines without 574 bp deletion could restore the fertility for BT-type CMS in japonica rice. By contrast, most conventional japonica rice varieties except Aichi 106 and Yijing 12, with genotype of rf-1arf-1a showed the 574 bp deletion maintained sterility for BT-type CMS lines. To further verify the effect of genotyping detection in Rf-1a locus, this marker was also used to amplify the genomic DNA in different japonica rice restorer lines, CMS lines, hybrids and F2 segregation population, and three genotypes in Rf-1a locus could be distinguished distinctly. Therefore, the marker InDel-Rf-1a could be widely used for genetic identification and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding japonica restorer lines.

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Seed Length Controlled by Same Locus in Four Different AA Genome Species of Genus Oryza ZHANG Yu1, #, LI Jing1, #, ZHOU Jia-wu1, XU Peng1, DENG Xian-neng1, YANG Fei1, 2, DENG Wei1, HU Feng-yi1, TAO Da-yun1 2014, 21(1): 20-28.  Abstract ( )   PDF (39129KB) ( )   To broaden the genetic basis and overcome the yield plateau in Asian cultivated rice, the exploitation and utilization of favorable alleles from rice species with the AA genome has become important and urgent in modern breeding programs. Four different interspecific populations were used to detect quantitative trait locus (QTL) for seed length, including a BC4F2 population derived from Oryza glumaepatula crossed with Dianjingyou 1 (a japonica cultivar), a BC4F2 population derived from O. nivara crossed with Dianjingyou 1, a BC7F1 population derived from a cross between O. longistaminata and RD23 (an indica cultivar), and a BC8F1 population derived from a cross between O. glaberrima and Dianjingyou 1. The QTLs for seed length in four different populations were termed as SL-3a, SL-3b, SL-3c and SL-3d, respectively. They had good collinearity and accounted for 49% to 60% of the phenotypic variations. Sequencing data indicated that four QTLs were different alleles of GS3 which were responsible for the seed length variation between O. sativa and its four AA genome relatives. These results will be valuable for confirming the evolution of GS3 and also be helpful for rice breeding.

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QTL Mapping for Hull Thickness and Related Traits in Hybrid Rice Xieyou 9308 LUO Li-li1, 2, #, ZHANG Ying-xin1, #, CHEN Dai-bo1, ZHAN Xiao-deng1, SHEN Xi-hong1, CHENG Shi-hua1, CAO Li-yong1 2014, 21(1): 29-38.  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60156-0 Abstract ( )   PDF (85517KB) ( )   We conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of 165 rice recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Zhonghui 9308 (Z9308) and Xieqingzao B (XB) in Hainan and Hangzhou, China. Grain thickness (GT), brown rice thickness (BRT), hull thickness (HT) and milling quality were used for QTL mapping. HT was significantly and positively correlated with GT and BRT. Twenty-nine QTLs were detected with phenotypic effects ranging from 2.80% to 21.27%. Six QTLs, qGT3, qBRT3, qBRT4, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11, were detected repeatedly across two environments. Inherited from XB, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11 showed stable expression, explaining 9.92%, 21.27% and 10.83% of the phenotypic variances in Hainan and 9.61%, 6.40% and 6.71% in Hangzhou, respectively. Additionally, the QTL cluster between RM5944 and RM5626 on chromosome 3 was probably responsible for GT and milling quality. The cluster between RM6992 and RM6473 on chromosome 4 played an important role in grain filling. Three near isogenic lines (NILs), X345, X338 and X389, were selected because they contained homozygous fragments from Zhonghui 9308, corresponding to qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11, respectively. The hull of XB was thicker than those of X345, X338 and X389. In all the lines, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11 that regulated rice HT were stably inherited with obvious genetic effects.

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Calcium Signaling is Involved in Negative Phototropism of Rice Seminal Roots CHEN Juan1, MO Yi-wei2,3, XU Hua-wei4 2014, 21(1): 39-46.  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60162-6 Abstract ( )   PDF (68043KB) ( )   Calcium ions (Ca2+) act as an intracellular second messenger and affect nearly all aspects of cellular life. They are functioned by interacting with polar auxin transport, and the negative phototropism of plant roots is caused by the transport of auxin from the irradiated side to the shaded side of the roots. To clarify the role of calcium signaling in the modulation of rice root negative phototropism, as well as the relationship between polar auxin transport and calcium signaling, calcium signaling reagents were used to treat rice seminal roots which were cultivated in hydroculture and unilaterally illuminated at an intensity of 100–200 μmol/(m2?s) for 24 h. Negative phototropism curvature and growth rate of rice roots were both promoted by exogenous CaCl2 lower than 100 μmol/L, but inhibited by calcium channel blockers (verapamil and LaCl3), calcineurin inhibitor (chlorpromazine, CPZ), and polar auxin transport inhibitor (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, NPA). Roots stopped growing and negative phototropism disappeared when the concentrations increased to 100 μmol/L verapamil, 12.500 μmol/L LaCl3, 60 μmol/L CPZ, and 6 μmol/L NPA. Moreover, 100 μmol/L CaCl2 could relieve the inhibition of LaCl3, verapamil and NPA. The enhanced negative phototropism curvature was caused by the transportation of more auxin from the irradiated side to the shaded side in the presence of exogenous Ca2+. Calcium signaling plays a key role as a second messenger in the process of light signal regulation of rice root growth and negative phototropism.

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Effects of Rice Variety and Growth Location in Cambodia on Grain Composition and Starch Structure Seila SAR, Morgan J. TIZZOTTI, Jovin HASJIM, Robert G. GILBERT 2014, 21(1): 47-58.  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60163-8 Abstract ( )   PDF (53042KB) ( )   The effects of variety and growth location on grain composition and starch structures were investigated using three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars (Phka Romduol, Sen Pidao and IR66) with different amylose contents. All the three cultivars were planted in three different agro-climatic zones (Phnom Penh, Coastal and Plateau) of Cambodia. The protein content of polished grains increased when rice was planted at a location with higher average temperature, but their lipid content decreased. The amylose content and degree of branching were not greatly affected by the minor temperature differences among the growing locations. Starch fine structures characterized by the chain-length distribution were significantly different among the cultivars, but not significantly among different locations. The results suggested that protein and lipid biosyntheses were more sensitive to the environmental temperature than that of starch in rice grains.

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Bacterial Community in Different Populations of Rice Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) XU Hong-xing, ZHENG Xu-song, YANG Ya-jun, WANG Xin, YE Gong-yin, LU Zhong-xian 2014, 21(1): 59-64.  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60166-3 Abstract ( )   PDF (15747KB) ( )   The structures of bacterial communities in the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) from different geographic and resistant virulent populations were analyzed by using denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Results showed that the bacterial communities in BPH nymph from the first to the fifth instars varied with nymphal growth and development. The bacterial communities in the first-instar BPH nymph were similar to those in adults. Nine geographic BPH populations were divided into three groups based on the cluster analysis of DGGE fingerprint. The first group was from the Philippines; the second group was from Thailand and Hainan, Yunnan and Zhejiang provinces of China; and the third group was from Vietnam and Guangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces of China. BPH populations adapted to different resistant rice varieties. The BPH populations from Mudgo (with resistant gene Bph1) and ASD7 (with resistant gene bph2) differed with those of the susceptible rice variety TN1.