Effects of Integrated Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield and Growth Parameters of Rice Varieties

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2019.08.005

Abstract

Abstract:

We investigated the effects of integrated organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of indica rice variety Manawthukha and japonica rice variety Genkitsukushi. In a split-plot design, the two rice varieties were assigned as main plot factors, and the integrated treatments were the subplot factors, including no-N fertilizer (N₀), 50% chemical fertilizer (CF) (CF₅₀), 100% CF (CF₁₀₀), 50% CF + 50% poultry manure (PM) (CF₅₀PM₅₀), 50% CF + 50% cow manure (CM) (CF₅₀CM₅₀), and 50% CF + 50% compost (CP) (CF₅₀CP₅₀). CF₁₀₀was equivalent to N at 85 kg/hm². Manure was applied based on the estimated mineralizable nitrogen (EMN) level, which is dependent on total N (%) of each manure type. Manawthukha rice plants were taller with higher tiller number and dry matter content. However, higher soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) values were measured in Genkitsukushi throughout the crop growth period, resulting in higher seed-setting rate (%) and greater yield. At the same N level, CF₅₀PM₅₀ application in both rice varieties resulted in higher SPAD values, plant height and tiller number than CF₁₀₀. CF₅₀PM₅₀ containing total N more than 4% supplied synchronized N for the demands of the rice plants, resulting in maximum dry matter, yield and yield components. CF₅₀CM₅₀ and CF₅₀CP₅₀ treatments containing total N less than 4% resulted in lower yields which were similar to CF₁₀₀. These results indicated that integrating organic and inorganic fertilizers enhanced growth parameters and yields of Manawthukha and Genkitsukushi, while reducing the dose of chemical fertilizer.

Key words: estimated mineralizable nitrogen, growth parameter, inorganic fertilizer, organic manure, rice, yield

Moe Kyi, Moh Moh Seinn, Zaw Htwe Aung, Kajihara Yoshinori, Yamakawa Takeo. Effects of Integrated Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield and Growth Parameters of Rice Varieties[J]. Rice Science, 2019, 26(5): 309-318.

Figures/Tables 6

References 45

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Physicochemical property	Value
Soil pH (soil/H₂O 1.0:2.5)	6.12
Soil pH (soil/KCl 1.0:2.5)	4.82
EC (soil/H₂O 1:5) (mS/m)	9.42
Total N (%)	0.15
Mineralizable N (g/kg)	5.2
Total P₂O₅ (%)	0.25
Available P (g/kg)	15.37
Total K₂O (%)	0.48
Cation exchangeable capacity (cmol/kg)	15.7
Exchangeable Ca (cmol/kg)	7.18
Exchangeable Mg (cmol/kg)	1.62
Exchangeable K (cmol/kg)	0.37
Exchangeable Na (cmol/kg)	0.75

Physicochemical property	Value
Soil pH (soil/H₂O 1.0:2.5)	6.12
Soil pH (soil/KCl 1.0:2.5)	4.82
EC (soil/H₂O 1:5) (mS/m)	9.42
Total N (%)	0.15
Mineralizable N (g/kg)	5.2
Total P₂O₅ (%)	0.25
Available P (g/kg)	15.37
Total K₂O (%)	0.48
Cation exchangeable capacity (cmol/kg)	15.7
Exchangeable Ca (cmol/kg)	7.18
Exchangeable Mg (cmol/kg)	1.62
Exchangeable K (cmol/kg)	0.37
Exchangeable Na (cmol/kg)	0.75

Sample	Ash content	Moisture	Total N	NH₄-N	NO₃-N	P₂O₅	K₂O	Ca	Mg	Na
Poultry manure	37.37	21.86	4.87	0.75	0	4.56	2.14	8.85	0.75	0.28
Cow manure	31.48	46.4	2.39	0.19	0	1.91	1.52	1.09	0.55	0.34
Compost	28.13	41.02	2.16	0.04	0.02	2.27	1.18	5.28	0.21	0.85

Sample	Ash content	Moisture	Total N	NH₄-N	NO₃-N	P₂O₅	K₂O	Ca	Mg	Na
Poultry manure	37.37	21.86	4.87	0.75	0	4.56	2.14	8.85	0.75	0.28
Cow manure	31.48	46.4	2.39	0.19	0	1.91	1.52	1.09	0.55	0.34
Compost	28.13	41.02	2.16	0.04	0.02	2.27	1.18	5.28	0.21	0.85

Treatment	Harvest index	No. panicle	No. spikelets per panicle	Seed-setting rate (%)	1000-grain weight (g)	Maximum panicle length (cm)	Yield (t/hm²)
Treatment	Harvest index	per hill	No. spikelets per panicle	Seed-setting rate (%)	1000-grain weight (g)	Maximum panicle length (cm)	Yield (t/hm²)
Variety (V)
Manawthukha (indica)	0.48 ± 0.66 b	15.39 ± 0.77 a	96.88 ± 7.10 a	73.48 ± 5.87 b	19.57 ± 1.04 b	23.07 ± 1.67 a	5.48 ± 0.21 b
Genkitsukushi (japonica)	0.58 ± 0.02 a	13.53 ± 0.29 b	76.65 ± 3.79 b	78.13 ± 3.05 a	27.25 ± 0.78 a	20.92 ± 1.11 b	6.71 ± 0.86 a
Tukey HSD_0.05	0.05	1.33	17.89	0.7	2.28	1.16	0.32
Integrated fertilization (F)
N₀	0.49 ± 0.07 ab	12.58 ± 0.50 c	68.24 ± 7.90 b	70.25 ± 2.01 c	24.54 ± 2.01 a	17.05 ± 5.65 b	4.66 ± 0.20 c
CF₅₀	0.43 ± 0.03 b	13.50 ± 0.76 c	71.46 ± 7.10 b	72.86 ± 5.80 b	23.69 ± 0.12 a	22.50 ± 1.74 a	5.19 ± 0.73 bc
CF₁₀₀	0.51 ± 0.05 a	16.08 ± 0.51 ab	91.11 ± 6.34 a	79.75 ± 3.88 a	23.15 ± 0.52 a	23.07 ± 0.80 a	6.80 ± 0.88 a
CF₅₀PM₅₀	0.54 ± 0.04 a	16.68 ± 0.53 a	99.49 ± 2.24 a	82.08 ± 5.40 a	23.36 ± 1.04 a	23.57 ± 0.64 a	7.42 ± 0.23 a
CF₅₀CM₅₀	0.55 ± 0.06 a	14.08 ± 0.29 bc	96.88 ± 3.77 a	75.27 ± 4.71 b	22.97 ± 0.99 a	22.72 ± 0.45 a	6.47 ± 0.31 ab
CF₅₀CP₅₀	0.52 ± 0.02 a	13.83 ± 0.57 bc	93.45 ± 8.04 a	74.61 ± 3.22 b	22.75 ± 0.77 a	23.07 ± 0.72 a	6.03 ± 1.04 abc
Tukey HSD_0.05	0.07	2.53	14.97	2.53	1.87	3.4	1.47
V	0.007	0.0265	0.0397	0.0012	0.0047	0.0154	0.0038
F	0.0005	0.0004	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0809	0.0001	0.0001
V × F	0.0389	0.982	< 0.0001	0.0001	0.0494	0.0528	0.0034
CV (%)	8.27	9.65	9.51	10.85	4.4	8.54	13.31