Rice Science ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 385-396.DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.11.008
• Research Paper • Previous Articles
Sheetal Bhadwal, Sucheta Sharma(
)
Received:2021-08-12
Accepted:2021-11-11
Online:2022-07-28
Published:2022-06-01
Contact:
Sucheta Sharma
Sheetal Bhadwal, Sucheta Sharma. Selenium Alleviates Carbohydrate Metabolism and Nutrient Composition in Arsenic Stressed Rice Plants[J]. Rice Science, 2022, 29(4): 385-396.
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Fig. 1. Effects of selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) on contents of total soluble sugars (TSS) (A), reducing sugars (RS) (B), sucrose (C), starch (D), as well as activities of sucrose synthase (SS) (E) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) (F) in rice flag leaves at the tillering and grain filling stages. CK, Control; T1, 25 µmol/kg As treatment; T2, 50 µmol/kg As treatment; T3, 100 µmol/kg As treatment; T4, 0.5 mg/kg Se treatment; T5, 1.0 mg/kg Se treatment; T6, 25 µmol/kg As and 0.5 mg/kg Se treatment; T7, 25 µmol/kg As and 1.0 mg/kg Se treatment; T8, 50 µmol/kg As and 0.5 mg/kg Se treatment; T9, 50 µmol/kg As and 1.0 mg/kg Se treatment; T10, 100 µmol/kg As and 0.5 mg/kg Se treatment; T11, 100 µmol/kg As and 1.0 mg/kg Se treatment. Data represent Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different letters indicate significant intergroup differences (P < 0.05).
| Treatment | Total soluble sugar content (mg/g) | Reducing sugar content (mg/g) | Sucrose content (mg/g) | Starch content (mg/g) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As (µmol/kg) | Se (mg/kg) | ||||
| 0 | 0 | 12.06 ± 0.43 a | 2.24 ± 0.15 cd | 0.60 ± 0.02 cd | 787.82 ± 3.38 cd |
| 25 | 0 | 19.98 ± 0.31 b | 3.26 ± 0.10 e | 0.53 ± 0.06 bc | 733.45 ± 9.05 bcd |
| 50 | 0 | 29.45 ± 2.15 c | 5.37 ± 0.45 fg | 0.49 ± 0.04 ab | 671.10 ± 8.88 ab |
| 100 | 0 | 33.01 ± 0.77 e | 6.41 ± 0.38 b | 0.38 ± 0.02 a | 618.05 ± 4.45 a |
| 0 | 0.5 | 25.44 ± 1.06 cd | 1.88 ± 0.02 abc | 0.61 ± 0.01 cd | 828.10 ± 4.53 d |
| 0 | 1.0 | 32.48 ± 1.18 de | 1.39 ± 0.25 ab | 0.72 ± 0.04 ef | 849.09 ± 4.75 de |
| 25 | 0.5 | 22.51 ± 0.72 bc | 2.85 ± 0.02 de | 0.60 ± 0.03 cd | 769.35 ± 11.91 cd |
| 25 | 1.0 | 28.74 ± 1.59 de | 2.18 ± 0.02 bcd | 0.64 ± 0.01 de | 810.06 ± 4.93 d |
| 50 | 0.5 | 32.53 ± 0.28 de | 1.78 ± 0.05 abc | 0.83 ± 0.01 f | 850.00 ± 5.76 de |
| 50 | 1.0 | 38.57 ± 0.35 f | 1.39 ± 0.11 a | 0.96 ± 0.01 g | 878.87 ± 4.93 f |
| 100 | 0.5 | 37.60 ± 0.56 f | 5.20 ± 0.11 f | 0.49 ± 0.01 ab | 712.98 ± 10.56 bc |
| 100 | 1.0 | 43.61 ± 0.50 g | 6.13 ± 0.10 gf | 0.46 ± 0.03 ab | 685.21 ± 15.24 ab |
| Critical difference | 2.16 | 0.43 | 0.06 | 17.81 | |
Table 1. Effects of different concentrations of arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) on carbohydrate composition contents in rice grains.
| Treatment | Total soluble sugar content (mg/g) | Reducing sugar content (mg/g) | Sucrose content (mg/g) | Starch content (mg/g) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As (µmol/kg) | Se (mg/kg) | ||||
| 0 | 0 | 12.06 ± 0.43 a | 2.24 ± 0.15 cd | 0.60 ± 0.02 cd | 787.82 ± 3.38 cd |
| 25 | 0 | 19.98 ± 0.31 b | 3.26 ± 0.10 e | 0.53 ± 0.06 bc | 733.45 ± 9.05 bcd |
| 50 | 0 | 29.45 ± 2.15 c | 5.37 ± 0.45 fg | 0.49 ± 0.04 ab | 671.10 ± 8.88 ab |
| 100 | 0 | 33.01 ± 0.77 e | 6.41 ± 0.38 b | 0.38 ± 0.02 a | 618.05 ± 4.45 a |
| 0 | 0.5 | 25.44 ± 1.06 cd | 1.88 ± 0.02 abc | 0.61 ± 0.01 cd | 828.10 ± 4.53 d |
| 0 | 1.0 | 32.48 ± 1.18 de | 1.39 ± 0.25 ab | 0.72 ± 0.04 ef | 849.09 ± 4.75 de |
| 25 | 0.5 | 22.51 ± 0.72 bc | 2.85 ± 0.02 de | 0.60 ± 0.03 cd | 769.35 ± 11.91 cd |
| 25 | 1.0 | 28.74 ± 1.59 de | 2.18 ± 0.02 bcd | 0.64 ± 0.01 de | 810.06 ± 4.93 d |
| 50 | 0.5 | 32.53 ± 0.28 de | 1.78 ± 0.05 abc | 0.83 ± 0.01 f | 850.00 ± 5.76 de |
| 50 | 1.0 | 38.57 ± 0.35 f | 1.39 ± 0.11 a | 0.96 ± 0.01 g | 878.87 ± 4.93 f |
| 100 | 0.5 | 37.60 ± 0.56 f | 5.20 ± 0.11 f | 0.49 ± 0.01 ab | 712.98 ± 10.56 bc |
| 100 | 1.0 | 43.61 ± 0.50 g | 6.13 ± 0.10 gf | 0.46 ± 0.03 ab | 685.21 ± 15.24 ab |
| Critical difference | 2.16 | 0.43 | 0.06 | 17.81 | |
| Treatment | Arsenic content (mg/kg) | Selenium content (mg/kg) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arsenic (µmol/kg) | Selenium (mg/kg) | Husk | Grain | Husk | Grain | ||
| 0 | 0 | 0.75 ± 0.01 bc | 0.64 ± 0.02 d | 4.90 ± 0.13 a | 3.28 ± 0.33 a | ||
| 25 | 0 | 1.01 ± 0.08 de | 0.76 ± 0.01 e | 3.74 ± 0.25 a | 2.31 ± 0.08 a | ||
| 50 | 0 | 1.36 ± 0.01 g | 0.98 ± 0.02 f | 2.40 ± 0.16 a | 1.14 ± 0.18 a | ||
| 100 | 0 | 1.73 ± 0.01 h | 1.23 ± 0.03 g | 1.98 ± 0.11 a | 0.82 ± 0.08 a | ||
| 0 | 0.5 | 0.45 ± 0.04 a | 0.36 ± 0.03 b | 14.95 ± 2.73 b | 55.40 ± 1.80 d | ||
| 0 | 1.0 | 0.35 ± 0.03 a | 0.22 ± 0.01 a | 20.97 ± 1.11 c | 114.00 ± 4.24 f | ||
| 25 | 0.5 | 0.83 ± 0.01 c | 0.52 ± 0.01 c | 3.93 ± 0.03 a | 31.29 ± 1.67 d | ||
| 25 | 1.0 | 0.64 ± 0.04 b | 0.43 ± 0.02 b | 13.96 ± 2.44 b | 83.76 ± 1.93 e | ||
| 50 | 0.5 | 1.07 ± 0.03 ef | 0.77 ± 0.02 e | 18.68 ± 0.61 bc | 158.30 ± 6.20 g | ||
| 50 | 1.0 | 0.89 ± 0.01 cd | 0.57 ± 0.01 cd | 27.95 ± 1.45 d | 171.62 ± 7.48 g | ||
| 100 | 0.5 | 1.49 ± 0.06 g | 1.02 ± 0.04 f | 3.00 ± 0.27 a | 18.80 ± 1.63 b | ||
| 100 | 1.0 | 1.20 ± 0.02 f | 0.83 ± 0.03 e | 15.52 ± 3.16 bc | 37.29 ± 3.44 c | ||
| Critical difference | 0.077 | 0.0485 | 3.286 | 7.358 | |||
Table 2. Effects of selenium on arsenic and selenium contents in rice husk and grains under arsenic stress.
| Treatment | Arsenic content (mg/kg) | Selenium content (mg/kg) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arsenic (µmol/kg) | Selenium (mg/kg) | Husk | Grain | Husk | Grain | ||
| 0 | 0 | 0.75 ± 0.01 bc | 0.64 ± 0.02 d | 4.90 ± 0.13 a | 3.28 ± 0.33 a | ||
| 25 | 0 | 1.01 ± 0.08 de | 0.76 ± 0.01 e | 3.74 ± 0.25 a | 2.31 ± 0.08 a | ||
| 50 | 0 | 1.36 ± 0.01 g | 0.98 ± 0.02 f | 2.40 ± 0.16 a | 1.14 ± 0.18 a | ||
| 100 | 0 | 1.73 ± 0.01 h | 1.23 ± 0.03 g | 1.98 ± 0.11 a | 0.82 ± 0.08 a | ||
| 0 | 0.5 | 0.45 ± 0.04 a | 0.36 ± 0.03 b | 14.95 ± 2.73 b | 55.40 ± 1.80 d | ||
| 0 | 1.0 | 0.35 ± 0.03 a | 0.22 ± 0.01 a | 20.97 ± 1.11 c | 114.00 ± 4.24 f | ||
| 25 | 0.5 | 0.83 ± 0.01 c | 0.52 ± 0.01 c | 3.93 ± 0.03 a | 31.29 ± 1.67 d | ||
| 25 | 1.0 | 0.64 ± 0.04 b | 0.43 ± 0.02 b | 13.96 ± 2.44 b | 83.76 ± 1.93 e | ||
| 50 | 0.5 | 1.07 ± 0.03 ef | 0.77 ± 0.02 e | 18.68 ± 0.61 bc | 158.30 ± 6.20 g | ||
| 50 | 1.0 | 0.89 ± 0.01 cd | 0.57 ± 0.01 cd | 27.95 ± 1.45 d | 171.62 ± 7.48 g | ||
| 100 | 0.5 | 1.49 ± 0.06 g | 1.02 ± 0.04 f | 3.00 ± 0.27 a | 18.80 ± 1.63 b | ||
| 100 | 1.0 | 1.20 ± 0.02 f | 0.83 ± 0.03 e | 15.52 ± 3.16 bc | 37.29 ± 3.44 c | ||
| Critical difference | 0.077 | 0.0485 | 3.286 | 7.358 | |||
Fig. 2. Effects of arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) on various element contents in rice husk (black) and grains (yellow). CK, Control; T1, 25 µmol/kg As treatment; T2, 50 µmol/kg As treatment; T3, 100 µmol/kg As treatment; T4, 0.5 mg/kg Se treatment; T5, 1.0 mg/kg Se treatment; T6, 25 µmol/kg As and 0.5 mg/kg Se treatment; T7, 25 µmol/kg As and 1.0 mg/kg Se treatment; T8, 50 µmol/kg As and 0.5 mg/kg Se treatment; T9, 50 µmol/kg As and 1.0 mg/kg Se treatment; T10, 100 µmol/kg As and 0.5 mg/kg Se treatment; T11, 100 µmol/kg As and 1.0 mg/kg Se treatment. Data represent Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant intergroup differences (P < 0.05).
| Nutrient content | As accumulation | Se accumulation |
|---|---|---|
| Na | -0.805** | 0.730** |
| Mg | -0.513 | 0.917** |
| K | -0.593* | 0.909** |
| Ca | -0.652* | 0.863** |
| Mn | -0.696* | 0.887** |
| Fe | -0.646* | 0.904** |
| Cr | 0.638* | -0.784** |
| Cu | 0.314 | -0.944** |
| Zn | -0.624* | 0.904** |
| Cd | -0.493 | -0.245 |
| Pb | 0.819** | -0.783** |
Table 3. Correlation between arsenic (As) or selenium (Se) accumulation and various nutrients in rice grains.
| Nutrient content | As accumulation | Se accumulation |
|---|---|---|
| Na | -0.805** | 0.730** |
| Mg | -0.513 | 0.917** |
| K | -0.593* | 0.909** |
| Ca | -0.652* | 0.863** |
| Mn | -0.696* | 0.887** |
| Fe | -0.646* | 0.904** |
| Cr | 0.638* | -0.784** |
| Cu | 0.314 | -0.944** |
| Zn | -0.624* | 0.904** |
| Cd | -0.493 | -0.245 |
| Pb | 0.819** | -0.783** |
| Treatment | Plant height (cm) | Number of tillers per plant | Grain number per pot | Grain yield (g/pot) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As (µmol/kg) | Se (mg/kg) | Tillering stage | Grain-filling stage | ||||
| 0 | 0 | 68.8 ± 0.89 d | 80.8 ± 0.89 d | 4 ± 0.4 c | 711 ± 10.5 f | 10.22 ± 0.06 f | |
| 25 | 0 | 71.0 ± 0.76 e | 81.3 ± 0.89 d | 4 ± 0.5 bc | 618 ± 6.4 d | 8.29 ± 0.01 e | |
| 50 | 0 | 74.0 ± 0.76 f | 88.0 ± 0.76 e | 4 ± 0.5 bc | 509 ± 7.6 c | 6.83 ± 0.01 c | |
| 100 | 0 | 66.0 ± 0.76 c | 73.8 ± 0.89 c | 3 ± 0.5 a | 357 ± 8.1 a | 4.65 ± 0.03 a | |
| 0 | 0.5 | 64.5 ± 0.53 c | 70.8 ± 0.89 b | 4 ± 0.5 b | 665 ± 5.6 e | 12.75 ± 0.12 h | |
| 0 | 1.0 | 54.0 ± 0.76 a | 64.3 ± 0.89 a | 5 ± 0.5 de | 711 ± 8.5 f | 12.73 ± 0.01 h | |
| 25 | 0.5 | 76.0 ± 0.76 f | 88.0 ± 0.76 e | 5 ± 0.4 d | 808 ± 6.7 g | 11.82 ± 0.02 g | |
| 25 | 1.0 | 79.0 ± 0.76 g | 92.0 ± 0.76 f | 6 ± 0.6 e | 853 ± 2.3 h | 10.33 ± 0.01 f | |
| 50 | 0.5 | 81.3 ± 0.89 h | 101.8 ± 0.89 g | 6 ± 0.4 e | 909 ± 7.6 i | 17.86 ± 0.02 i | |
| 50 | 1.0 | 84.0 ± 0.76 i | 118.3 ± 0.89 h | 7 ± 0.5 f | 1 355 ± 9.0 j | 25.72 ± 0.04 j | |
| 100 | 0.5 | 65.0 ± 0.76 c | 75.3 ± 0.89 c | 4 ± 0.5 bc | 496 ± 6.2 c | 6.98 ± 0.03 d | |
| 100 | 1.0 | 61.3 ± 0.89 b | 83.0 ± 0.76 d | 4 ± 0.5 b | 431 ± 5.5 b | 5.56 ± 0.03 b | |
| Critical difference | NS | NS | 4.8 | 0.068 | |||
Table 4. Effects of selenium (Se) on plant height, number of tillers, grain number and grain yield of rice plants under arsenic (As) stress.
| Treatment | Plant height (cm) | Number of tillers per plant | Grain number per pot | Grain yield (g/pot) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As (µmol/kg) | Se (mg/kg) | Tillering stage | Grain-filling stage | ||||
| 0 | 0 | 68.8 ± 0.89 d | 80.8 ± 0.89 d | 4 ± 0.4 c | 711 ± 10.5 f | 10.22 ± 0.06 f | |
| 25 | 0 | 71.0 ± 0.76 e | 81.3 ± 0.89 d | 4 ± 0.5 bc | 618 ± 6.4 d | 8.29 ± 0.01 e | |
| 50 | 0 | 74.0 ± 0.76 f | 88.0 ± 0.76 e | 4 ± 0.5 bc | 509 ± 7.6 c | 6.83 ± 0.01 c | |
| 100 | 0 | 66.0 ± 0.76 c | 73.8 ± 0.89 c | 3 ± 0.5 a | 357 ± 8.1 a | 4.65 ± 0.03 a | |
| 0 | 0.5 | 64.5 ± 0.53 c | 70.8 ± 0.89 b | 4 ± 0.5 b | 665 ± 5.6 e | 12.75 ± 0.12 h | |
| 0 | 1.0 | 54.0 ± 0.76 a | 64.3 ± 0.89 a | 5 ± 0.5 de | 711 ± 8.5 f | 12.73 ± 0.01 h | |
| 25 | 0.5 | 76.0 ± 0.76 f | 88.0 ± 0.76 e | 5 ± 0.4 d | 808 ± 6.7 g | 11.82 ± 0.02 g | |
| 25 | 1.0 | 79.0 ± 0.76 g | 92.0 ± 0.76 f | 6 ± 0.6 e | 853 ± 2.3 h | 10.33 ± 0.01 f | |
| 50 | 0.5 | 81.3 ± 0.89 h | 101.8 ± 0.89 g | 6 ± 0.4 e | 909 ± 7.6 i | 17.86 ± 0.02 i | |
| 50 | 1.0 | 84.0 ± 0.76 i | 118.3 ± 0.89 h | 7 ± 0.5 f | 1 355 ± 9.0 j | 25.72 ± 0.04 j | |
| 100 | 0.5 | 65.0 ± 0.76 c | 75.3 ± 0.89 c | 4 ± 0.5 bc | 496 ± 6.2 c | 6.98 ± 0.03 d | |
| 100 | 1.0 | 61.3 ± 0.89 b | 83.0 ± 0.76 d | 4 ± 0.5 b | 431 ± 5.5 b | 5.56 ± 0.03 b | |
| Critical difference | NS | NS | 4.8 | 0.068 | |||
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