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18 October 2003, Volume 11 Issue 1-2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Research Paper

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Analysis of Introgressed Segments in Near isogenic Lines for F1 Pollen Sterility in Rice (Oryza sativa) LI Wen-tao, ZENG Rui-zhen, ZHANG Ze-min, Akshay TALUKDAR, ZHANG Gui-quan 2003, 11(1-2): 1-5 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (164KB) ( )   One hundred and fifty eight microsatellite markers showing polymorphism among parents were used to survey the introgressed segments in the 50 near isogenic lines of F1 pollen sterility. Two hundred and sixty introgressed segments were detected in 50 nearisogenic lines, each carrying 5.2 introgressed segments on an average. Among the 260 segments, one hundred carrying F1 pollen sterility loci concentrated on the region of F1 pollen sterility genes, and the remaining one hundred and sixty without F1 pollen sterility loci distributed randomly over 12 chromosomes. Both the average number and length of the introgressed segments decreased along with the increase of backcross generations. The number of introgressed segments was less than four and the length was less than 20 cM in the near isogenic lines after backcrossing for four or more times.

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SCAR Markers Assisted Selection for a Bentazon Susceptible Lethality Gene (ben) in Rice XIANG Tai-he, YANG Jian-bo, YANG Qian-jin, ZHU Qi-sheng, LI Li, HUANG Da-nian 2003, 11(1-2): 6-10 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (186KB) ( )   In progenies resulting from crosses involving rice cultivar Norin 8m susceptible to bentazon as the donor of ben gene, SCARs tightly linked to ben were utilized for selection of ben. The homozygous and heterozygous genotypes with ben could be identified with the SCARs. The molecular markers offer a powerful tool for indirect selection of ben and can accelerate the introgression of ben into current rice cultivars.

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Genetic Identification of a New Small Grain Dwarf Gene in Rice WU Cheng, LI Xiu-lan, DENG Xiao-jian, WANG Ping-rong, LI Ren-duan, YANG Zhi-rong 2003, 11(1-2): 11-15 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (125KB) ( )   The plant material used in the study was rice line 162d, a new small grain dwarf mutant. Polymorphic analysis of 221 SSR loci demonstrated that 162d derived from a semidwarf variety Shuhui 162 through mutation, and 162d and Shuhui 162 were just a pair of near isogenic lines. Genetic analysis of F1 and F2 populations suggested that dwarfism in 162d was controlled by a single recessive gene. phenotypic characteristics of the mutant gene were that plant height was about a quarter of normal height, grain size about a quarter of normal size, leaf was short and broad, and seed setting rate was very low, compared with the near isogenic line Shuhui 162. The mutant gene was sensitive to gibberellin (GA3) treatment and did not located on the region near the centromere of rice chromosome 5, where d1 gene located. Therefore, it was concluded that the mutant gene of 162d was a new small grain dwarf gene in rice.

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Comparison of Grain Quality Characteristics Between F1 Hybrids and Their Parents in Indica Hybrid Rice LIAO Fu-ming, ZHOU Kun-lu, YANG He-hua, XU Qiu-sheng 2003, 11(1-2): 16-22 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (168KB) ( )   Sixteen widespread elite indica parents including seven CMS lines and nine restorer lines, and their 63 F1 hybrids were chosen to compare the eleven traits of grain quality. Overall results showed that the frequency of negative overdominance, dominance and partial dominance was much higher than that of positive ones and heterosis, indicating that the values of F1 hybrids were generally lower than the means of their parents in quality characteristics. There existed apparent disparity in grain quality performance among F1 hybrids varied with the traits. The characteristics of chalky area percentage, chalky grain percentage, gel consistency and head rice recovery had a great variation in all kinds of tested heterosis indices including the midparent heterosis index, over highvalue parent heterosis index and over lowvalue parent heterosis index, which suggested that special attention should be paid to the selection of F1 hybrids in these traits in breeding. The mean values of F1 hybrids were significantly lower than those of their higher parents in all the traits but close to or significantly lower than those of their midparent values except for kernel length and amylose content; and significantly higher than those of their lower parents except for brown rice recovery, milled rice recovery and gel consistency.

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Distribution of the Classification Traits in the F2 Progeny of Two Crosses of indica/japonica in Rice (Oryza sativa) ZHANG Zai-jun, LIANG Cheng-ye, ZHU Ying-guo 2003, 11(1-2): 23-28 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (156KB) ( )   Comparison of seed setting rate, plant height and Cheng′s morphological traits were made between the F2 progeny of indicajaponica hybrids, 02428/Pei′ai 64 and Taichung 65/Teqing. There existed resemblance normal distribution in plant height, and the distribution had no relationship with the seed setting rate and plant height in F1 progeny, suggesting that there were no gametic selection for the plant height in the F2 progeny of indicajaponica hybrids. An average seed setting rate of the F2 was equal to the F1 populations in the recombination of 02428/Pei′ai 64 in which there was an excellent cross compatibility, but the remarkable increase in the seed setting rate from the F1 to F2 in Taichung 65/Teqing, indicating that gametic selection only took place in the indicajaponica crosses with low cross compatibility while null or little in the hybrids with high compatibility. There were many intermediate types among the leaf pubescence, color of hull at heading, and length of the first and second panicle internode, and these Cheng′s morphological traits was distributed normally; there were also a little intermediate types in hull hairness and phenol reaction with bipeak distribution; while length to width ratio of grain was inclined to the japonica types obviously showing a skewed distribution in the F2 population. Although Cheng′s morphological traits in F2 populations had inconsistent distribution types, Cheng′s morphological traits index showed normal distribution, which suggested that intermediate types, i.e. indicalinous or japonicalinous, were primary in F2 population.

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Changes in Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Rice Mutants Induced by High Hydrostatic Pressure BAI Cheng-ke, LI Gui-shuang, PENG Chang-lian, DUAN Jun 2003, 11(1-2): 29-32 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (131KB) ( )   Three mutants of rice (Oryza sativa L.), Mutant 1, Mutant 2 and Mutant 3, which were selected by high hydrostatic pressure (75 MPa), and their parent Yuexiangzhan were used to study the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence during different growth stages. In all the three mutants, the function of PSⅡ was improved, Fv/Fm ratio of mutants increased compared to their parent at tillering and heading stage, and ΦPSⅡ also improved except for Mutant 2 at heading stage. Similar to their parent, the mutants exhibited slight photoinhibition at noon and almost complete recovery to initial levels of 6:00 after 18:00 at heading stage. At milking stage, the photoinhibition in the mutants was obvious, and recovered rapidly compared to the parent. Yields of individual plant and grain/straw ratio were also higher in three mutants than the parent. Results indicated that characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of mutants and their photoinhibition in the field had changed. It is suggested that high hydrostatic pressure induction could be applied as a new effective approach in highyield rice breeding in the future.

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Photoinhibitive and Recovery Properties of Hybrid Rice Ⅱ You 129 under Field Conditions XU Xiao-ming, TANG Yun-lai, WANG Ying, LU Wei, DAI TXin-bin, ZHANG Rong-xian, KUANG Ting-yun 2003, 11(1-2): 33-37 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (131KB) ( )   Photoinhibitive properties of superhighyielding hybrid rice Ⅱ you 129 and its adaptation mechanism to strong light stress were investigated by measuring the lightresponse curve, diurnal variations of net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Ⅱ you 129 leaves and compared with Shanyou 63. Photoinhibition of rice flag leaves under field conditions mainly resulted from the increase of thermal dissipation, especially for thermal dissipation depended on the xanthophyll circle, but no destruction of photosynthetic apparatus occurred. Potentially superhighyielding hybrid rice Ⅱ you 129 was more tolerant to photoinhibition than Shanyou 63, because it had higher light saturation intensity and maximum net photosynthetic rate; more active xanthophyll cycle, and more rapid recovery ability after photoinhibition.

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Association of Phytate Formation with Grain Filling in Rice WANG Ruo-zhong, XIAO Lang-tao, DING Jun-hui, YAN Qin-quan 2003, 11(1-2): 38-42 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (142KB) ( )   The grainfilling characteristics of six rice varieties (combinations) and the relationships between their relative biochemistry composition during phytate synthesizing and grain plumpness were studied. Regarding results for ISHR1，ISHR2, R198 and JW21, with good grain plumpness, the twostepfilling in superior spikelets and inferior spikelets was not clear, while for ISHR3 and 559, with poor grain plumpness, it was very clear. From booting stage to flowering stage, the contents of phytate and inositol in varieties with good grain plumpness was obviously higher than those in varieties with poor grain plumpness. While at grain filling stage, the content of inorganic phosphorus in varieties with poor grain plumpness was obviously higher than that in varieties with good grain plumpness. The contents of phytate and inositol from booting stage to flowering stage was highly significantly correlated with the initial filling power (R0), the mean filling rate (RM) and grain filling percentage (PGF), and the content of inorganic phosphorus at grain filling stage was negatively significantly correlated with R0, FM and PGF. Furthermore, effective approach to improving grain filling was put forward.

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Effects of Low Phosphorus Stress on Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Protective Enzyme Activities in Leaves of Different Rice Oryza sativa) Cultivars PAN Xiao-hua, LIU Shui-ying, LI Feng, LI Mu-ying 2003, 11(1-2): 43-46 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (121KB) ( )   Membrane lipid peroxidation and protective enzyme activity in leaves of lowphosphorustolerant rice cultivars Dalidao and Liantangzao 3, and lowphosphorussensitive cultivars Huzhanqi and Xinsanbaili were studied under low phosphorus stress with sandy culture. Results indicated that lowphosphorus stress aggravated the membrane lipid peroxidation in rice leaves, and it was more severe in lowphosphorus sensitive cultivars than that in lowphosphorus tolerant cultivars. During the period of lowphosphorus stress, the activities of SOD, CAT and POD maintained relatively stable in lowphosphorus tolerant cultivars, whereas those increased obviously at early stage and subsequently decreased rapidly in the low phosphorus sensitive cultivars, suggesting that the absolute activities of protective enzymes had no relation with the lowphosphorus stress, while the changing trend was reverse.

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Physiological Characterization of Zn efficient Rice (Oryza sativa) Genotype at Different Zn2+ Levels CHEN Guang-cai, WANG Ren-min, Alfread QUAMPAH, YANG Xiao-e 2003, 11(1-2): 47-51 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (172KB) ( )   Physiological characteristics of rice at different Zn2+levels [pZn2+＞11.5, 11.3, 11.0, 10.6, 10.3, 9.7] were studied with the Znefficient rice cultivars IR34, IR36, IR8192, and Zninefficient rice cultivars IR26, Ce 64-7, Biyuzaonuo, which grew in chelatorbuffered nutrient solution. There were significant differences in tolerance to zinc deficiency among different rice genotypes. Obvious effects of low zinc activity on the physiological characteristic of rice seedlings were noted. There were significant differences in chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, MDA concentration in rice leaf, and H+ excretion of root. As pZn2+ decreased, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate decreased at a slower pace in Znefficient cultivars compared to Zninefficient ones, MDA concentration increased slower while H+ excretion of root increased faster in Znefficient cultivars than those in Zninefficient ones. It was suggested that the above indications could be used as indexes to Znefficiency of rice.

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Suppression of Rice Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis by Mass Trapping Using Synthetic Sex Pheromone in Paddy Field SU Jian-wei, XUAN Wei-jian, SHENG Cheng-fa, GE Feng 2003, 11(1-2): 52-56 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (126KB) ( )   Suppressing effects of mass trapping using synthetic sex pheromone with main active ingredients of Z-11hexadecenal, Z-13 octadecenal and Z-9-hexadecenal on the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis were investigated during the flight periods of the overwintering and 1st generation in the paddy area of 60 ha in 1999. Population density of C. suppressalis in the pheromonetreated fields was lower than that in control. The egg masses decreased by 74.39% and population size of adult males of the 1stgeneration decreased by 61.64% in the treated fields as compared to control. Meanwhile, the damage by C. suppressalislarvae was significantly lower in the treated fields than control (ttest, P=0.05). Percentages of brownish leaf sheath, dead heart, and white head in the treated fields were decreased by 70.90%, 57.01% and 44.30%, respectively in contrast to control. The present study demonstrated that mass trapping to C. suppressalis using synthetic sex pheromone shows great potential as an alternative measure in an environmentfriendly pest management and at the same challenging the insecticide use that has some environment impacts.

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Virulence of the Populations of the Whitebacked Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Reared on Different Resistant Rice Varieties SHEN Jun-hui, WANG Yan, Kazushige SOGAWA, Makoto HATTORI, LIU Guang-jie 2003, 11(1-2): 57-61 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (118KB) ( )   ARC and ND colony were obtained by rearing the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera(Horvath), exclusively on ARC10239 (ARC, carrying resistance gene Wbph2) and N′Diang Marie (ND, carrying resistance gene Wbph5) till 15 generations. Taichung Native 1 (TN1) and Rathu Heenati (RHT) served as susceptible and resistant check, respectively. The results of electronic recording revealed that duration of salivation and Xwaveform of the two colonies on their corresponding hosts was short while the duration of phloem ingestion was long. The amount of honeydew excreted by ARC and ND colony did not differ on their corresponding host varieties from TN1 and was much higher than that of RHT. The number of eggs laid on their host varieties and TN1 were significantly higher than that on RHT. No distinct change was observed for these two colonies in term of percentage of developed eggs. The nymph survival rate of ND colony on its selection host was 45.0%, significantly different from that on TN1(71.4%) and RHT(21.0%), while that of ARC colony was 683%, not significantly different from that on TN1(77.5%), but much higher than that on RHT(22.6%). The nymphal development duration of these two colonies on the corresponding hosts was not different from that on TN1, but significantly shorter than that on RHT. In brief, these two colonies had almost adapted to their corresponding host varieties based on feeding and oviposition, but the nymphal survival rate of ND colony was still low. 

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Effect of Pesticides on Certain Soil Biological and Biochemical Indices of a Paddy Soil LIAO Min, XIE Xiao-mei, HUANG Chang-yong 2003, 11(1-2): 62-67 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (166KB) ( )   A 21-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of pesticides (Triazophos, Butachlor and Jinggangmycin) on a paddy field soil health under controlled moisture (flooded soil) and temperature (25℃) conditions. The electron transport system ETS)/dehydrogenase activity displayed a negative correlation with pesticides concentrations, and the activity was affected adversely as the concentration of the pesticides increased. The higher doses of pesticides, 5 and 10 folds field rates, significantly inhibited ETS activity, while lower rates failed to produce any significant reducing effect against the control. The relative toxicity level of pesticides in decreasing the ETS activity was in the following order: Triazophos>Jinggangmycin>Butachlor, irrespective of their rates of application. The pesticides caused an improvement in the soil phenol content and it increased with increasing the concentration of agrochemicals. The pesticide incorporation did not produce any significant change in soil protein content. The response of biomass phospholipid content was nearly similar to ETS activity. The phospholipid content was decreased with the addition of pesticides in the given order of Triazophos>Jinggangmycin>Butachlor; and the toxicity was in the order: 10 FR (times of field rate)>5 FR>1.0 FR>0.5 FR>control.

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Hybrid Rice Resistant to Bacterial Leaf Blight Developed By Marker Assisted Selection CAO Li-yong, ZHUANG Jie-yun, YUAN Shou-jiang, ZHAN Xiao-deng, ZHENG Kang-le, CHENG Shi-hua 2003, 11(1-2): 68-70 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (138KB) ( )   Through recurrent backcrossing in combination with molecular markerassisted selection (MAS), restorer lines R8006 and R1176 carrying Xa21, a gene having broadspectrum resistance to rice bacterial leaf blight, were selected. By crossing the two lines to CMS line Zhong 9A, two new hybrid rice combinations, Zhongyou 6 and Zhongyou 1176 were developed. The hybrids showed high resistance to diseases, good grain quality and high yielding potential in national and provincial adaptability and yield trials.