Assessing Silicon Availability in Soils of Rice-Growing Lowlands and Neighboring Uplands in Benin and Nigeria

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2016.06.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Silicon (Si) is known as a beneficial nutrient in the cultivation of rice, playing a key role in photosynthesis enhancement, lodging resistance and tolerance to various environmental stress. The present study aimed to examine available Si content in both lowland soils (n = 29) and neighboring upland soils (n = 21) collected from Benin and Nigeria and to evaluate the validity of the assessment results through a pot experiment. Our results revealed that the acetate-buffer method predicted Si concentration in rice straw at the harvest stage (R² = 0.68, P < 0.01) better than the anaerobic-incubation method (R² = 0.31, P > 0.05), and 76% of the uplands and 38% of the lowlands were deficient (< 50 mg/kg) in acetate-buffer soluble Si. These findings suggest that the Si-deficiency soils prevail across the study area, making rice plants starved for Si and prone to environmental stress.

Key words: Oryza sativa, silicon, upland field, lowland field

S. Abe S., Yamasaki Y., Wakatsuki T.. Assessing Silicon Availability in Soils of Rice-Growing Lowlands and Neighboring Uplands in Benin and Nigeria[J]. Rice Science, 2016, 23(4): 196-202.

Figures/Tables 6

References 32

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Location No.	Location	Country	GPS position		Topography	Land use		Fertilizer use
Location No.	Location	Country	Latitude (N)	Longitude (E)	Topography	Lowland ^a	Upland	Fertilizer use
1	Malanville	Benin	11°52′	3°23′	FP	Rice (60)	-	Yes
2	Wanrarou	Benin	10°10′	2°44′	IV	Rice (5)	Fallow	No
3	Materi	Benin	10°42′	1°02′	IV	Rice (9)	Maize	No
4	Tiele	Benin	10°43′	1°12′	IV	Rice (15)	-	No
5	Kandi	Benin	11°07′	2°55′	IV	Rice (20)	Beans	Yes
6	Tampegre	Benin	10°24′	1°21′	IV	Rice (50)	-	No
7	Sori	Benin	10°42′	2°47′	IV	Rice (7)	Fallow	No
8	Beket-Bourame	Benin	10°18′	1°44′	IV	Rice (20)	-	No
9	Ndali	Benin	9°50′	2°42′	IV	Rice (17)	Maize	No
10	Kommon	Benin	11°16′	2°24′	IV	Rice (40)	Maize	No
11	Korobororou	Benin	9°22′	2°40′	IV	Fallow	Maize	Unknown
12	Kodowari	Benin	9°12′	1°33′	IV	Rice (5)	Maize	No
13	Okutaosse	Benin	8°34′	1°41′	IV	Rice (27)	Maize	No
14	Orokoto	Benin	7°59′	2°13′	IV	Rice (3)	-	No
15	Odochele	Benin	7°49′	2°08′	IV	Rice (10)	Maize	Yes
16	Gome-Ifada	Benin	7°53′	2°13′	IV	Rice (50)	Maize	Yes
17	Loule	Benin	7°50′	2°13′	IV	Rice (50)	Fallow	Unknown
18	Koussin	Benin	7°14′	2°17′	CT	Rice (40)	Maize	Unknown
19	Zongoundou	Benin	7°00′	1°58′	CT	Rice (13)	Maize	No
20	Ayize	Benin	7°09′	2°29′	CT	Rice (10)	Maize	Unknown
21	Tannou	Benin	7°00′	1°43′	IV	Rice (10)	Maize/beans	No
22	Dekandji	Benin	6°47′	1°45′	IV	Rice (30)	Maize/beans	Yes
23	Zadogagbe	Benin	7°05′	2°08′	IV	Rice (11)	-	Yes
24	Zoungo	Benin	7°06′	2°31′	IV	Fallow	-	Unknown
25	Deve	Benin	6°45′	1°38′	FP	Rice (35)	-	Yes
26	Badeggi	Nigeria	9°06′	5°51′	FP	Rice (100)	Soybean	Yes
27	Bida	Nigeria	9°05′	6°01′	IV	Rice (100)	Fallow	No
28	Doko	Nigeria	8°56′	6°05′	IV	Rice (100)	Groundnut	No
29	Ibadan	Nigeria	7°30′	3°54′	IV	Fallow	Maize	Yes

Location No.	Location	Country	GPS position		Topography	Land use		Fertilizer use
Location No.	Location	Country	Latitude (N)	Longitude (E)	Topography	Lowland ^a	Upland	Fertilizer use
1	Malanville	Benin	11°52′	3°23′	FP	Rice (60)	-	Yes
2	Wanrarou	Benin	10°10′	2°44′	IV	Rice (5)	Fallow	No
3	Materi	Benin	10°42′	1°02′	IV	Rice (9)	Maize	No
4	Tiele	Benin	10°43′	1°12′	IV	Rice (15)	-	No
5	Kandi	Benin	11°07′	2°55′	IV	Rice (20)	Beans	Yes
6	Tampegre	Benin	10°24′	1°21′	IV	Rice (50)	-	No
7	Sori	Benin	10°42′	2°47′	IV	Rice (7)	Fallow	No
8	Beket-Bourame	Benin	10°18′	1°44′	IV	Rice (20)	-	No
9	Ndali	Benin	9°50′	2°42′	IV	Rice (17)	Maize	No
10	Kommon	Benin	11°16′	2°24′	IV	Rice (40)	Maize	No
11	Korobororou	Benin	9°22′	2°40′	IV	Fallow	Maize	Unknown
12	Kodowari	Benin	9°12′	1°33′	IV	Rice (5)	Maize	No
13	Okutaosse	Benin	8°34′	1°41′	IV	Rice (27)	Maize	No
14	Orokoto	Benin	7°59′	2°13′	IV	Rice (3)	-	No
15	Odochele	Benin	7°49′	2°08′	IV	Rice (10)	Maize	Yes
16	Gome-Ifada	Benin	7°53′	2°13′	IV	Rice (50)	Maize	Yes
17	Loule	Benin	7°50′	2°13′	IV	Rice (50)	Fallow	Unknown
18	Koussin	Benin	7°14′	2°17′	CT	Rice (40)	Maize	Unknown
19	Zongoundou	Benin	7°00′	1°58′	CT	Rice (13)	Maize	No
20	Ayize	Benin	7°09′	2°29′	CT	Rice (10)	Maize	Unknown
21	Tannou	Benin	7°00′	1°43′	IV	Rice (10)	Maize/beans	No
22	Dekandji	Benin	6°47′	1°45′	IV	Rice (30)	Maize/beans	Yes
23	Zadogagbe	Benin	7°05′	2°08′	IV	Rice (11)	-	Yes
24	Zoungo	Benin	7°06′	2°31′	IV	Fallow	-	Unknown
25	Deve	Benin	6°45′	1°38′	FP	Rice (35)	-	Yes
26	Badeggi	Nigeria	9°06′	5°51′	FP	Rice (100)	Soybean	Yes
27	Bida	Nigeria	9°05′	6°01′	IV	Rice (100)	Fallow	No
28	Doko	Nigeria	8°56′	6°05′	IV	Rice (100)	Groundnut	No
29	Ibadan	Nigeria	7°30′	3°54′	IV	Fallow	Maize	Yes

Soil property	Acetate-buffer soluble Si
Soil property	Lowland (n = 29)	Upland (n = 21)
pH	0.74***	0.67***
Available P	0.22	0.60**
Total N	0.18	0.91***
Organic C	0.2	0.91***
Exchangeable K	0.51**	0.84***
Exchangeable Ca	0.77***	0.92***
Exchangeable Mg	0.42*	0.79***
Exchangeable Na	0.23	0.52*
Exchange acidity	-0.19	-0.38
ECEC	0.64***	0.92***

Soil property	Acetate-buffer soluble Si
Soil property	Lowland (n = 29)	Upland (n = 21)
pH	0.74***	0.67***
Available P	0.22	0.60**
Total N	0.18	0.91***
Organic C	0.2	0.91***
Exchangeable K	0.51**	0.84***
Exchangeable Ca	0.77***	0.92***
Exchangeable Mg	0.42*	0.79***
Exchangeable Na	0.23	0.52*
Exchange acidity	-0.19	-0.38
ECEC	0.64***	0.92***

Elementalal composition	Si
and agronomic trait	Lowland	Upland
C	0.96***	0.90***
N	0.89***	0.86***
P	0.65**	0.68**
K	0.71**	0.90***
Ca	0.74**	-0.77**
Mg	0.91***	0.58*
No. of panicles per pot	0.90***	0.76**
No. of spikelets per panicle	0.3	0.24
Seed-setting rate	-0.02	-0.13
1000-grain weight	-0.26	-0.44
Grain yield	0.97***	0.74**