Antixenosis and Tolerance of Rice Genotypes Against Brown Planthopper

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2016.02.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Nine genotypes were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for antixenosis and tolerance against brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stål). In antixenosis studies, proportion of insects settled on a test genotype in relation to the susceptible control TN1 was recorded, with significantly lower proportion of nymphs (55.22%-59.18%), adult males (60.33%-60.75%), and adult females (80.56%-79.26%) settled on RP2068-18-3-5 and Ptb33 in relation to those on TN1. Based on number of feeding sites, the test genotypes were ranked in order from the highest to the lowest as RP2068-18-3-5, Ptb33, MR1523, Rathu Heenati, Sinnasivappu, ARC10550, MO1, INRC3021 and TN1. The order was exactly reverse in terms of fecundity expressed as number of eggs laid per female. In tolerance studies, days to wilt, functional plant loss index and plant dry weight loss to BPH dry weight produced were recorded. RP2068-18-3-5, Rathu Heenati and Ptb33 performed better than the other test genotypes. These results helped in relative quantification of BPH resistance levels in the genotypes. RP2068-18-3-5, a new effective source of BPH resistance, can be used in resistance breeding after tagging of resistant genes/QTLs linked to different parameters of antixenosis and tolerance with selectable molecular markers.

Key words: antixenosis, molecular marker, Nilaparvata lugens, resistance breeding, rice, tolerance

Singh Sarao Preetinder, Sanmallappa Bentur Jagadaish. Antixenosis and Tolerance of Rice Genotypes Against Brown Planthopper[J]. Rice Science, 2016, 23(2): 96-103.

Figures/Tables 5

References 52

[1]	Ali M P, Chowdhury T R.2014. Tagging and mapping of genes and QTLs of Nilaparvata lugens resistance in rice.Euphytica, 195: 1-30.
[2]	Alagar M, Suresh S.2007a. Settling and ovipositional preference of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.) on selected rice genotypes.Ann Plant Prot Sci, 15(1): 43-46.
[3]	Alagar M, Suresh S.2007b. Population buildup of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens on selected rice genotypes.Ind J Plant Prot, 35(1): 32-35.
[4]	Alam S N, Cohen M B.1998. Detection and analysis of QTLs for resistance to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens in a doubled- haploid rice population.Theor Appl Genet, 97: 1370-1379.
[5]	Bae S H, Pathak M D.1970. Life history of Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and susceptibility of rice varieties to its attacks.Ann Entomol Soc Am, 63(1): 149-155.
[6]	Bentur J S, Padmakumari A P, Lakshmi V J, Padmavathi Ch, Kondala Y R, Amudhan S, Pasalu I C.2011. Insect Resistance in Rice. Technical Bulletin, Hyderabad, India: Directorate of Rice Research: 51.
[7]	Bhattal J S.1992. Patterns of insect-plant relationship determining resistance in paddy to Sogatella furcifera (Horvath). Ludhiana: Punjab Agricultural University: 1-61.
[8]	Brar D S, Virk P S, Jena K K, Khush G S.2009. Breeding for resistance to planthoppers in rice. In: Heong K L, Hardy B. Planthoppers. New Threats to the Sustainability of Intensive Rice Production Systems in Asia. Los Baños, the Philippines: International Rice Research Institute: 401-427.
[9]	Chen C C, Ku W H, Chiu R J.1978. Rice wilted stunt its transmission by the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).Plant Prot Bull, 20(4): 374-376.
[10]	Chen C N, Cheng C C.1978. The population levels of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) in relation to the yield loss of rice.Int Plant Prot Bull, 20(3): 197-209.
[11]	Chen J W, Wang L, Pang X F, Pan Q H.2006. Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) resistance gene bph19(t).Mol Genet Genomics, 275(4): 321-329.
[12]	Du B, Zhang W L, Liu B F, Hu J, Wei Z, Shi Z Y, He R F, Zhu L L, Chen R Z, Han B, He G C.2009. Identification and characterization of Bph14, a gene conferring resistance to brown planthopper in rice.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106: 22163-22168.
[13]	Fujita D, Kohli A, Horgan F G.2013. Rice resistance to planthoppers and leafhoppers.Crit Rev Plant Sci, 32(3): 162-191.
[14]	Geethanjali S, Kadirvel P, Gunathilagaraj K, Maheswaran M.2009. Detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera in rice (Oryza sativa L.).Plant Breeding, 128(2): 130-136.
[15]	Ghaffar M B, Pritchard J, Ford-Lloyd B.2011. Brown planthopper (N. lugens Stål) feeding behaviour on rice germplasm as an indicator of resistance.PLoS One, 6(7): e22137.
[16]	Gomez K A, Gomez A A.1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
[17]	Gunathilagaraj K, Chelliah S.1985. Fedding behaviour of whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) on resistant and susceptible rice varieties.Crop Prot, 4(2): 255-262.
[18]	Gurr G M, Liu J, Read D M Y, Catindig J L A, Cheng J A, Lan L P, Heong K L.2011. Parasitoids of Asian rice planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pests and prospects for enhancing biological control by ecological engineering.Ann Appl Biol, 158(2): 149-176.
[19]	He J, Liu Y Q, Liu Y L, Jiang L, Wu H, Kang H Y, Liu S J, Chen L M, Liu X, Cheng X N, Wan J M.2013. High-resolution mapping of brown planthopper (BPH) resistance gene Bph27(t) in rice.Mol Breeding, 31(3): 549-557.
[20]	Hedin P.1983. Plant Resistance to Insects. Washington, US: American Chemical Society.
[21]	Heinrichs E A, Rapusas H R.1983. Levels of resistance to the whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in rice varieties with different resistance genes.Environ Entomol, 12(6): 1793-1797.
[22]	Heinrichs E A, Medrano F G, Rapusas H R.1985. Genetic Evaluation for Insect Resistance in Rice. Los Baños, the Philippines: International Rice Research Institute: 1-355.
[23]	Heong K L, Hardy B.2009. Planthoppers: New Threats to the Sustainability of Intensive Rice Production Systems in Asia. Los Baños, the Philippines: International Rice Research Institute: 1-470.
[24]	Horgan F.2009. Mechanisms of resistance: a major gap in understanding planthopper-rice interactions. In: Heong K L, Hardy B. Planthoppers. New Threats to the Sustainability of Intensive Rice Production Systems in Asia. Los Baños, the Philippines: International Rice Research Institute: 281-302.
[25]	IRRI.2010. New Paradigms in Rice Hopper Resistance. Los Baños, the Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.
[26]	Jena K K, Jeung J U, Lee J H, Choi H C, Brar D S.2005. High-resolution mapping of a new brown planthopper (BPH) resistance gene, Bph18(t), and marker-assisted selection for BPH resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).Theor Appl Genet, 112(2): 288-297.
[27]	Kamolsukyunyong W, Sukhaket W, Ruanjaichon V, Toojinda T, Vanavichit A.2013. Single-feature polymorphism mapping of isogenic rice lines identifies the influence of terpene synthase on brown planthopper feeding preferences.Rice, 6: 18.
[28]	Khan Z R, Saxena R C.1985. Behavioural and physiological responses of Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Delphacidae: Hemiptera) to selected resistant and susceptible rice cultivars.J Econ Entomol, 78(6): 1280-1286.
[29]	Khush G S, Brar D S.1991. Genetics of resistance to insects in crop plants.Adv Agron, 45: 223-274.
[30]	Kumar H, Tiwari S N.2010. New sources of resistance against rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).Ind J Entomol, 72(3): 228-232.
[31]	Li J, Chen Q H, Wang L Q, Liu J, Shang K, Hua H.2011. Biological effects of rice harbouring Bph14 and Bph15 on brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.Pest Manage Sci, 67(5): 528-534.
[32]	Ling K C, Tiongco E R, Aguiero V M.1978. Rice ragged stunt, a new virus disease.Plant Dis Rep, 62(8): 701-705.
[33]	Liu J L, Yu J F, Wu J C, Yin J L, Gu H N.2008. Physiological responses to Nilaparvata lugens in susceptible and resistant rice varieties: Allocation of assimilates between shoots and roots.J Econ Entomol, 101(2): 384-390.
[34]	Natio A.1964. Method of detecting feeding marks of leaf and planthoppers and its application.Plant Prot, 18: 482-484.
[35]	Normile D.2008. Reinventing rice to feed the world.Science, 321: 330-333.
[36]	Panda N, Heinrichs E A.1983. Levels of tolerance and antibiosis in rice varieties having moderate resistance to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.) (Homoptera: Delphacidae).Environ Entomol, 12(4): 1204-1214.
[37]	Panda N, Khush G S.1995. Host Plant Resistance to Insects. Wallingford (UK): CAB International: 1-431.
[38]	Prakash A, Rao J, Singh O N, Tyagi J P, Singh S, Rath P C.2007. Rice: the Queen of Cereals. Cuttack, India: Applied Zoologist Research Association Publication: 1-215.
[39]	Prasannakumar N R, Chander S, Sahoo R N, Gupta V K.2013. Assessment of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.), damage in rice using hyperspectral remote sensing.Int J Pest Manage, 59(3): 180-188.
[40]	Qiu Y F, Cheng L, Zhou P, Liu F, Li R B.2012. Identification of antixenosis and antibiosis in two newly explored brown planthopper resistance rice lines.Adv J Food Sci Technol, 4(5): 299-303.
[41]	Qiu Y F, Cheng L, Liu F, Li R B.2013. Identification of a new locus conferring antixenosis to the brown planthopper in rice cultivar Swarnalata (Oryza sativa L.).Genet Mol Res, 12(3): 3201-3211.
[42]	Qiu Y F, Guo J P, Jing S Q, Zhu L L, He G C.2014. Fine mapping of the rice brown planthopper resistance gene Bph7 and characterization of its resistance in the 93-11 background.Euphytica, 198(3): 369-379.
[43]	Ramesh K, Padmavathi G, Deen R, Pandey M K, Lakshmi V J, Bentur J S.2014. Whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) resistance in rice variety Sinna Sivappu.Euphytica, 200(1): 139-148.
[44]	Sarao P S, Mangat G S.2014. Manage rice insect-pests to get higher crop yield.Prog Farming, 50: 4-6.
[45]	Sai H, Sai K, Balaravi P, Sharma R, Dass A, Shenoy V.2013. Evaluation of rice genotypes for brown planthopper (BPH) resistance using molecular markers and phenotypic methods.Afr J Biotechnol, 12: 2515-2525.
[46]	Samal P, Misra B C.1990. Antibiosis and preference for shelter of rice varieties to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.).Oryza, 27: 358-359.
[47]	Shukla K K.1984. Mechanisms of Resistance in Rice to Whitebacked Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Delphacidae: Hemiptera). Ludhiana: Punjab Agricultural University.
[48]	Sharma H C.2007. Host plant resistance to insects: Modern approaches and limitations.Ind J Plant Prot, 35(2): 179-184.
[49]	Song X L, Qiang S, Liu L L, Xu Y H, Liu Y L.2002. Gene flow of pollen cross between Oryza officinalis wall and transgenetic rice with bar gene.J Nanjing Agric Univ, 25(3): 5-8. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[50]	Sun L H, Su C C, Wang C M, Zhai H Q, Wan J M.2005. Mapping of major resistance gene to the brown planthopper in the rice cultivar Rathu Heenati.Breeding Sci, 55: 391-396.
[51]	Vanitha K, Suresh S, Gunathilagaraj.2011. Influence of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.) feeding on nutritional biochemistry of rice plants.Oryza, 48: 142-146.
[52]	Watanabe T, Kitagawa H.2000. Photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates in rice plants following phloem feeding by the planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae). J Econ Entomol, 93: 1192-1198.

Genotype	Gene	No. of nymph settled per plant	No. of adult males settled per plant	No. of adult females settled per plant	No. of feeding marks per plant	No. of eggs per plant
RP2068-18-3-5	Unknown	4.97 ± 0.05 b	4.71 ± 0.27 a	2.86 ± 0.14 a	20.00 ± 0.58 a	94.33 ± 0.88 a
Ptb33	bph2 + Bph3	4.53 ± 0.08 a	4.76 ± 0.19 a	3.05 ± 0.13 a	18.67 ± 1.33 a	88.33 ± 1.45 a
Rathu Heenati	Bph3 + Bph17	5.58 ± 0.03 c	5.33 ± 0.36 ab	3.00 ± 0.22 a	12.33 ± 0.88 b	109.67 ± 1.20 b
Sinnasivappu	Unknown	5.84 ± 0.01 d	5.86 ± 0.19 b	4.14 ± 0.37 b	11.33 ± 0.67 bc	123.33 ± 1.67 c
MR1523	Unknown	6.03 ± 0.02 d	7.57 ± 0.48 c	6.14 ± 0.12 c	13.33 ± 1.20 b	126.33 ± 1.33 c
MO1	WbphO	6.20 ± 0.04 de	8.09 ± 0.29 c	8.90 ± 0.17 d	8.67 ± 0.88 cd	149.33 ± 1.45 d
ARC10550	bph5	7.30 ± 0.09 f	9.28 ± 0.42 d	11.57 ± 0.17 e	6.33 ± 0.33 d	182.33 ± 1.76 e
INRC3021	Unknown	8.23 ± 0.04 g	9.71 ± 0.22 d	12.05 ± 0.26 e	7.33 ± 1.20 d	204.00 ± 1.53 f
TN1	None	11.10 ± 0.02 h	12.00 ± 0.50 e	14.71 ± 0.23 f	6.67 ± 0.67 d	221.33 ± 1.20 g
LSD (P ≤ 0.05)		0.04	0.17	0.12	0.51	0.36

Genotype	Gene	No. of nymph settled per plant	No. of adult males settled per plant	No. of adult females settled per plant	No. of feeding marks per plant	No. of eggs per plant
RP2068-18-3-5	Unknown	4.97 ± 0.05 b	4.71 ± 0.27 a	2.86 ± 0.14 a	20.00 ± 0.58 a	94.33 ± 0.88 a
Ptb33	bph2 + Bph3	4.53 ± 0.08 a	4.76 ± 0.19 a	3.05 ± 0.13 a	18.67 ± 1.33 a	88.33 ± 1.45 a
Rathu Heenati	Bph3 + Bph17	5.58 ± 0.03 c	5.33 ± 0.36 ab	3.00 ± 0.22 a	12.33 ± 0.88 b	109.67 ± 1.20 b
Sinnasivappu	Unknown	5.84 ± 0.01 d	5.86 ± 0.19 b	4.14 ± 0.37 b	11.33 ± 0.67 bc	123.33 ± 1.67 c
MR1523	Unknown	6.03 ± 0.02 d	7.57 ± 0.48 c	6.14 ± 0.12 c	13.33 ± 1.20 b	126.33 ± 1.33 c
MO1	WbphO	6.20 ± 0.04 de	8.09 ± 0.29 c	8.90 ± 0.17 d	8.67 ± 0.88 cd	149.33 ± 1.45 d
ARC10550	bph5	7.30 ± 0.09 f	9.28 ± 0.42 d	11.57 ± 0.17 e	6.33 ± 0.33 d	182.33 ± 1.76 e
INRC3021	Unknown	8.23 ± 0.04 g	9.71 ± 0.22 d	12.05 ± 0.26 e	7.33 ± 1.20 d	204.00 ± 1.53 f
TN1	None	11.10 ± 0.02 h	12.00 ± 0.50 e	14.71 ± 0.23 f	6.67 ± 0.67 d	221.33 ± 1.20 g
LSD (P ≤ 0.05)		0.04	0.17	0.12	0.51	0.36

Genotype	Days to wilt (d)	FPLI (%)	PDWL (mg)
RP2068-18-3-5	13.58 ± 0.29 a	19.17 ± 0.60 a	10.50 ± 0.29 a
Ptb33	13.87 ± 0.24 a	17.29 ± 1.15 a	9.16 ± 0.42 a
Rathu Heenati	8.80 ± 0.20 b	25.67 ± 0.58 b	14.00 ± 0.39 b
Sinnasivappu	7.27 ± 0.07 c	31.51 ± 0.72 c	25.21 ± 1.27 c
MR1523	8.27 ± 0.18 b	38.23 ± 0.39 d	26.76 ± 0.74 c
MO1	7.53 ± 0.35 c	61.81 ± 0.79 f	32.79 ± 0.77 d
ARC10550	6.40 ± 0.12 d	66.59 ± 0.77 g	66.50 ± 1.42 f
INRC3021	5.40 ± 0.23 e	56.27 ± 0.85 e	51.30 ± 0.68 e
TN1	5.13 ± 0.07 e	85.37 ± 0.56 h	113.53 ± 1.60 g
LSD (P ≤ 0.05)	0.09	1.49	0.32

Genotype	Days to wilt (d)	FPLI (%)	PDWL (mg)
RP2068-18-3-5	13.58 ± 0.29 a	19.17 ± 0.60 a	10.50 ± 0.29 a
Ptb33	13.87 ± 0.24 a	17.29 ± 1.15 a	9.16 ± 0.42 a
Rathu Heenati	8.80 ± 0.20 b	25.67 ± 0.58 b	14.00 ± 0.39 b
Sinnasivappu	7.27 ± 0.07 c	31.51 ± 0.72 c	25.21 ± 1.27 c
MR1523	8.27 ± 0.18 b	38.23 ± 0.39 d	26.76 ± 0.74 c
MO1	7.53 ± 0.35 c	61.81 ± 0.79 f	32.79 ± 0.77 d
ARC10550	6.40 ± 0.12 d	66.59 ± 0.77 g	66.50 ± 1.42 f
INRC3021	5.40 ± 0.23 e	56.27 ± 0.85 e	51.30 ± 0.68 e
TN1	5.13 ± 0.07 e	85.37 ± 0.56 h	113.53 ± 1.60 g
LSD (P ≤ 0.05)	0.09	1.49	0.32