过刊目录

2010年, 第17卷, 第4期
刊出日期：2010-12-28 上一期    下一期
---
综述与专论
研究报告
实验技术
研究简报


全全选选:

导出引用 EndNote Ris BibTeX

隐藏/显示图片

综述与专论

Select

Spotted-Leaf Mutants of Rice (Oryza sativa) HUANG Qi-na, YANG Yang, SHI Yong-feng, CHEN Jie, WU Jian-li 2010, 17(4): 247-256 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60024-X 摘要 ( )   PDF(725KB) ( )   Many rice spotted-leaf (spl) mutants are ideal sources for understanding the mechanisms involved in blast resistance, bacterial blight resistance and programmed cell death in plants. The genetic controls of 50 spotted-leaf mutants in rice have been characterized and a few spotted-leaf genes have been isolated as well. This article reviews the origin, genetic modes, isolation and characterization of spotted-leaf genes responsible for their phenotypes, and their resistance responses to main rice diseases.

研究报告

Select

Comparative Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Structure in Rice Using ILP and SSR Markers HUANG Ming, XIE Fang-min, CHEN Li-yun, ZHAO Xiang-qian, L. JOJEE, D. MADONNA 2010, 17(4): 257-268 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60025-1 摘要 ( )   PDF(3826KB) ( )   Genetic diversity of 36 rice entries from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) rice collection was assessed using 103 ILP (intron length polymorphism) and 54 SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers. A total of 236 and 332 alleles were detected by the ILP and SSR markers, respectively. On average, the SSR markers produced higher polymorphism information content value and number of alleles than the ILP markers. Whereas the Nei’s genetic distance measured using the SSR markers was much higher than that measured using the ILP markers. Mantel’s test indicated that there was a statistically significant correlation (r=0.827, P<0.001) between the two marker systems. UPGMA clustering based on the ILP and SSR markers resulted in consensus dendrograms. The cophenetic correlation coefficient (r=0.918, 0.878 and 0.924, P<0.001 for the ILP, SSR and combined markers, respectively) showed a highly accurate dendrogram represented the genetic distance among these entries. The 36 entries were divided into four groups. Four African Oryza glaberrima accessions were clustered within a distinct group (I), and the remaining entries were separated into three groups (II, III and IV). All the entries could be also clustered into two main groups: One was composed of III and IV, considered as indica group, and the other was composed of I (O. glaberrima) and II (japonica-like). Model-based cluster analysis revealed that the japonica-like group maintained very pure ancestry while the indica group shared mixed ancestry, especially for group III, which had seven admixtures sharing from 19.5% to 30.0% of ancestry with group IV (based on SSR markers). It is suggested that ILP and SSR markers could be very useful for the genetic study and breeding in rice.

Select

Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Gene OsMPK14 in Rice LIANG Wei-hong, BI Jia-jia, PENG Wei-feng, ZHANG Fan, SHI Hong-hao, LI Li 2010, 17(4): 269-275 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60026-3 摘要 ( )   PDF(11884KB) ( )   Mitogen activated-protein kinases (MAPKs) are important components in signal transduction pathways responding to various biotic and abiotic stresses. An MAPK gene, OsMPK14 (GenBank Accession No. GQ265780) from rice (Oryza sativa L.), was cloned by RT-PCR. The full-length cDNA of OsMPK14 consists of 1660 bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 1629 bp, which encodes a 542-amino-acid polypeptide and has a typical protein kinase domain and a phosphorylation activation motif TDY. Sequence alignment and analysis revealed that OsMPK14 was located on rice chromosome 5, and composed of nine exons and eight introns in the coding region. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression patterns of OsMPK14 in rice shoots and roots under darkness, drought, high salinity, low temperature and abscisic acid treatments. The OsMPK14 mRNA was induced by abscisic acid, low temperature and high salinity, but weakly inhibited by drought. In addition, the expression of OsMPK14 was up-regulated in roots, but down-regulated in shoots by light. The results indicate that OsMPK14 could be implicated in diverse rice stimuli-responsive signaling cascades, and its expression might be regulated by multiple factors.

Select

Genetic Analysis and Mapping of a Thermo-sensitive White Stripe-Leaf Mutant at Seedling Stage in Rice (Oryza sativa) LI Chao, LIN Dong-zhi, DONG Yan-jun, YE Sheng-hai, ZHANG Xiao-ming 2010, 17(4): 276-281 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60027-5 摘要 ( )   PDF(25440KB) ( )   A thermo-sensitive white stripe-leaf mutant (tws) was selected from the M2 progeny of a japonica variety, Jiahua 1, treated by 60Co γ-radiation. In comparison with the wild type parent, the mutant displayed a phenotype of white stripe on the 3rd and 4th leaves, but began to turn normal green on the 5th leaf when grown at low temperatures (20°C and 24°C). Furthermore, the content of total chlorophyll showed an obvious decrease in the leaves with white stripe. These results suggest that the expression of the mutant trait was thermo-sensitive and correlated with the leaf age of seedlings. The genetic analysis indicated that the mutant trait was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, designated as tws. In addition, by using SSR markers and an F2 segregating population derived from the cross between the tws mutant and 9311, tws was mapped between the markers MM3907 and MM3928 with a physical distance of 86 kb on rice chromosome 4

Select

Identification of QTLs for Rice Cold Tolerance at Plumule and 3-Leaf-Seedling Stages by Using QTLNetwork Software JI Zhi-juan, ZENG Yu-xiang, ZENG Da-li, MA Liang-yong, LI Xi-ming, LIU Bing-xin, YANG Chang-deng 2010, 17(4): 282-287 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60028-7 摘要 ( )   PDF(6644KB) ( )   A doubled haploid (DH) population consisted of 120 lines, derived from a cross between an indica variety, TN1, and a japonica variety, Chunjiang 06, was used to identify QTLs controlling rice cold tolerance at the plumule and 3-leaf-seedling stages by using the QTLNetwork software. The percentages of normal plumules after 4°C treatments for 7 d, 9 d, 11 d, and 14 d, as well as the cold stress tolerance index (CSTI) and the withering index (WI) of rice seedling were investigated. A total of five single-effect QTLs, each for percentages of normal plumules after 4°C treatments for 9 d, 11 d and 14 d, and CSTI and WI, respectively were identified. The QTLs for the percentages of normal plumules after low temperature treatments for 9 d, 11 d and 14 d were on chromosomes 4, 2 and 11, accounting for 14.1%, 17.3% and 21.5% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. QTLs for CSTI and WI were on chromosomes 10 and 1, respectively. Two pairs of epistatic loci were identified, but none of the epistatic loci involved the single-effect QTLs. The RM528–RM340 interval on chromosome 6 interacted with the RM278–RM3919B interval on chromosome 9 for CSTI, and the epistatic interaction accounted for 17.7% of the phenotypic variation. A pair of epistatic loci was identified for WI, the RM246–RM5461 interval on chromosome 1 interacted with the ISA–RM447 interval on chromosome 8, which accounted for 22.6% of the phenotypic variation.

Select

Relationship Between Heterosis and Parental Genetic Distance Based on Molecular Markers for Functional Genes Related to Yield Traits in Rice ZHANG Tao, NI Xian-lin, JIANG Kai-feng, DENG Hua-feng, HE Qing, YANG Qian-hua, YANG Li, WAN Xian-Qi, CAO Ying-jiang, ZHENG Jia-kui, 2010, 17(4): 288-295 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60029-9 摘要 ( )   PDF(5509KB) ( )   The genetic distances among 18 cytoplasmic male sterile lines and 11 restorer lines were analyzed with molecular markers derived from yield-related functional genes. The correlation between parental genetic distance and heterosis was investigated by analyzing the performance of 47 combinations. The results showed that the genetic distance was significantly correlated with yield heterosis (r=0.29*), but not significantly correlated with heterosis for other traits, such as number of effective panicles per plant, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, number of grains per panicle and theoretical yield. However, the correlation coefficient was so small that the parental genetic distance could not to be used to predict heterosis.

Select

Megasporogenesis and Megagametogenesis in Autotetraploid Indica/ Japonica Rice Hybrid HU Chao-yue, ZENG Yu-xiang, GUO Hai-bin, LU Yong-gen, CHEN Zhi-Muhammad Qasim SHAHID, LIU Xiang-dong 2010, 17(4): 292-302 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60030-5 摘要 ( )   PDF(7390KB) ( )   Autotetraploid indica/japonica rice hybrid combines both the advantages of polyploidy and the heterosis between indica and japonica rice. Embryo sac abortion is an important factor influencing spikelet fertility in autotetraploid rice hybrid. To clarify the cytological mechanism of embryo sac abortion, the megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis in an autotetraploid japonica/indica hybrid were examined by the whole-mount eosin B-staining confocal laser scanning microscopy (WE-CLSM) technique. Abnormalities were observed from the megasporocyte stage to the mature embryo sac stage. The degeneration of the tetrad cells and the functional megaspore was the characteristic of abnormalities during megasporogenesis. Abnormal small embryo sacs and disordered number of nuclei were frequently observed during embryo sac development. Some interesting phenomena, such as two functional megaspores, the diplospory-like megasporocyte, and five-nucleate embryo sac were found. The abnormalities that occurred during female gametophyte development resulted in more than five types of abnormal embryo sacs (i.e. embryo sac degeneration, embryo sac without female germ unit, embryo sac without egg apparatus, embryo sac with abnormal polar nuclei and abnormal small embryo sac) in autotetraploid japonica/indica hybrid. Embryo sac fertility was lower in diploid japonica/indica hybrid than in autotetraploid japonica/indica hybrid although many abnormal phenomena were observed in autotetraploid hybrid.

Select

Alterations of Panicle Antioxidant Metabolism and Carbohydrate Content and Pistil Water Potential Involved in Spikelet Sterility in Rice under Water-Deficit Stress FU Guan-fu, SONG Jian, LI Yu-rong, YUE Ming-kai, XIONG Jie, TAO Long-xing 2010, 17(4): 303-310 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60031-7 摘要 ( )   PDF   Two rice genotypes with different drought tolerance, namely Jin 23B (drought tolerant) and Zhenshan 97B (drought sensitive), were used to study the antioxidant enzyme activities, soluble sugar and starch contents in spikelets, pistil water potential and pollen number on a stigma under water-deficit stress at the flowering stage, which were involved in the spikelet sterility. Compared with respective controls, drought stress induced more serious decreases of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities and more significant increase of malonaldehyde (MDA) content in spikekets of Zhenshan 97B than in Jin 23B on 9 and 12 days after water stress (DAWS). The soluble sugar and starch contents increased significantly in spikelets of Jin 23B, but decreased significantly in spikelets of Zhenshan 97B during 9–12 DAWS. The pistil maintained higher water potential in Jin 23B than in Zhenshan 97B during 3–6 DAWS and 9–12 DAWS. In addition, water stress induced more significant decrease in the pollen number on a stigma as well as the percentage of unfilled grains in Zhenshan 97B than in Jin 23B. Thus, it is suggested that water stress induced spikelet sterility by damaging antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing carbohydrate content in spikelets and decreasing pistil water potential at the flowering stage in rice.

Select

Relationship Between Lodging Resistance and Chemical Contents in Culms and Sheaths of Japonica Rice During Grain Filling ZHANG Feng-zhuan, JIN Zheng-xun, MA Guo-hui, SHANG Wen-nan, LIU Hai-ying, XU Mei-lan, LIU Yan 2010, 17(4): 311-318 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60032-9 摘要 ( )   PDF(706KB) ( )   To understand the relationship between lodging resistance and chemical component contents in culms and leaf sheaths of rice, the physical strength and maximum bearing capacity of culm, and the contents and amounts of potassium (K), silicon (Si) and soluble sugars in culms and leaf sheaths were investigated using four japonica rice varieties with different lodging resistance characteristics during grain filling. There were significant differences in the total amounts of K, Si and soluble sugars in culms and leaf sheaths among the tested rice varieties. The difference in the total amount of Si was greater than that of K or soluble sugars. The physical strength and maximum bearing capacity of culm continuously decreased from heading to ripening, with a rapid decrease at the dough stage. However, the contents and total amounts of K and Si in culms and the Si content in leaf sheaths gradually increased and an accumulation of K and Si in culms was exhibited, whereas the content and total amount of K and the total amount of Si in leaf sheaths gradually decreased and an exportation of K and Si in leaf sheaths was presented. The physical strength was positively and significantly correlated with the total amounts of K and Si in culms during grain filling except that at the heading stage, the total amount of soluble sugars in culms at the heading and milky stages, the total amounts of Si and soluble sugars in leaf sheaths at the heading stage, the total amount of K in leaf sheaths at the heading and milky stages, and the maximum bearing capacity during grain filling. It is suggested that the lodging resistance of japonica rice would be improved by increasing the amount of soluble sugars in plants at the early filling stage, and enhancing the amount of Si in plants during grain filling through topdressing Si fertilizer at the early filling stage.

Select

Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics in Flag Leaves of the C Liangyou Series of Hybrid Rice Combinations at Late Growth Stages TANG Wen-bang, ZHANG Gui-lian, XIAO Ying-hui, DENG Hua-bing, FAN Ke, LIU Guo-hua, CHEN Li-yun 2010, 17(4): 319-325 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60033-0 摘要 ( )   PDF(3036KB) ( )   The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, net photosynthetic rate as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) of flag leaves at the late growth stages were studied by using C Liangyou series of hybrid rice combinitions as material and Shanyou 63 as control. The C Liangyou series of hybrid rice combinations used in the experiment included C Liangyou 396, C Liangyou 87, C Liangyou 755 and C Liangyou 34, which all used C815S as male sterile line. The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars and soluble proteins in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series combinations at the late growth stages were higher than those of the control, whereas the TBARS content was lower than that of the control. The activities of SOD and POD were significantly higher than those of the control on the 7th day after heading, and then decreased slowly. ΦPSII value and qP value of flag leaves decreased at the late growth stages, and these two parameters in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series combinations were higher than those of the control, while the qN value increased at the late growth stages and was lower than that of the control. The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves at the late growth stage was higher compared with the control. These results suggest that slow senescence and strong photosynthetic capability in flag leaves at the late growth stages are the physiological basis of the C Liangyou series combinations.

实验技术

Select

A Simple Method for Preparation of Rice Genomic DNA SUN Chuan, HE Ying-hong, CHEN Gang, RAO Yu-chun, ZHANG Guang-heng, GAO Zhen-yu, LIU Jian, JU Pei-na, HU Jiang, GUO Long-biao, QIAN Qian, ZENG Da-li 2010, 17(4): 326-329 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60034-2 摘要 ( )   PDF(1727KB) ( )   The extraction of DNA is often the most time consuming and laborious step in high-throughput molecular genetic analysis and marker assisted selection (MAS) programs. A simple method for preparation of rice genomic DNA was developed. A small amount (1–50 mg) of leaf tissue of rice seedling, 500 μL of extraction buffer, and one steel bead were put into a 2-mL microcentrifuge tube. After vigorously mashing for 2 min, 5 μL of supernatant was directly applied to PCR amplification. Otherwise, the supernatant was precipitated with two times volume of ethanol to obtain high quality genomic DNA. This method is simple, rapid, low cost, and reliable for PCR analysis. One person can manipulate as many as 96 samples for PCR in 10 min. It is especially suitable for genotyping of large number of samples.

研究简报

Select

Variability in Grain Quality Characters of Upland Rice of Assam, India Sunayana RATHI, Raj Narain Singh YADAV, Ramendra Nath SARMA 2010, 17(4): 330-333 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60035-4 摘要 ( )   PDF(587KB) ( )   The grain quality of 100 upland/ahu rice genotypes from Assam, India was assessed. The characteristics measured were grain length, grain width, cooked grain length, cooked grain width, grain elongation ratio after cooking, grain widening ratio after cooking, alkali spreading value, gel consistency, as well as starch, amylose, amylopectin and total soluble sugar contents. Considerable genetic variability among the 100 rice genotypes was observed for the characteristics under study. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characteristics. The difference between genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was very small for all the characteristics analyzed. High GCV and PCV were found in the characteristic of total soluble sugar content followed by alkali spreading value. The high values for these traits signify the scope for selection to develop superior genotypes. High heritability was recorded in all the characteristics analyzed along with diverse genetic advance which varied from 9.71% to 52.83%. The characteristic of total soluble sugar content showed high heritability with high genetic advance, whereas alkali spreading value and grain widening ratio presented high heritability with moderate genetic advance. This implies that these characteristics are mainly under additive gene effects and could be relied upon further selection based on phenotypic performance. The genotypic correlation coefficient was higher than the phenotypic correlation coefficient, indicating strong inherent associations among the characteristics studied.

Select

High Temperature Modifies Resistance Performances of Rice Varieties to Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) WANG Bao-ju, XU Hong-xing, ZHENG Xu-song, FU Qiang, LU Zhong-xian 2010, 17(4): 334-338 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60036-6 摘要 ( )   PDF(1156KB) ( )   To investigate the effect of temperature on the resistance characteristics of rice varieties with different resistance genes to brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), the resistances of IR26 (Bph1) and IR36 (bph2) to BPH population in Hangzhou, China were monitored in greenhouse during September in 2007 and 2008 by using the standard seedling screening techniques (SSST) developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Furthermore, the changes in resistance of IR26 and IR36 to BPH, soluble sugar and oxalic acid contents in 25-day-old rice plants of susceptible variety TN1 and resistant varieties IR26 and IR36 were detected at five temperatures (22ºC, 25ºC, 28ºC, 31ºC and 34ºC). IR26 completely lost resistance both in greenhouse and at the five tested temperatures. IR36 still had moderate resistance at natural temperature, but its resistance decreased gradually when the temperature increased from 25ºC to 34ºC, and fully lost its resistance at 31ºC and 34ºC. The highest durable resistance of IR26 and IR36 were recorded at 25ºC. The soluble sugar content in plants of the three tested rice varieties increased with temperature increase, and the oxalic acid content increased with the temperature increase at first, maximized at 25ºC, and then declined. Two-way ANOVA indicated significant effects of temperature and rice variety on contents of soluble sugar and oxalic acid in rice plants.